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A person has a disability if they have a 'physical or mental impairment and that impairment has a substantial or long-term adverse effect on the individuals' ability to carry out normal, day-to-day activities'...〔The Equality Act 2010 s6(1)〕 Even in times of awareness on issues such as gender and race equality in employment, disabled people are still under-represented in the labour market.〔S. Fredman Discrimination Law (2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford:2011)〕 ==United Kingdom== The employment rate for disabled people of working age in the UK is 45%, whereas those without a disability it is 77%.〔Department for Work and Pensions 2013, The disability and health employment strategy: the discussion so far.〕 This is in spite of The Equality Act 2010 requiring employers to make reasonable adjustments for a disabled person so they are not at a 'substantial disadvantage'.〔The Equality Act 2010 s 20.〕 However this Act, and previous acts,〔Disability Discrimination Act 1995〕 has had a positive impact, for example, Sainsbury's has recruited over 2,000 disabled people within four years,〔 Marks & Spenser's have taken on over 1,000 disabled people〔Employers 'biased against the disabled' G. Lewis, People Management, 2014, p 9〕 , and BT has provided sustainable opportunities for over 300 disabled people since 2003.〔 Despite this positive action, statistics show that only 33% of disabled people are employed full-time, compared to 60% of non-disabled people.〔 It is clear from these statistics that disabled people are denied parity of participation in economic terms as less than half the disabled population are employed, and even less again are employed full-time, thus there are significant obstacles in their way to participate fully in the economic sphere. Not all of the UK has adapted The Equality Act 2010, which in turn has led to inconsistency in the UK.〔S Fredman Discrimination Law (2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford:2011) p 97〕 Northern Ireland 〔Under the Disability Discrimination (NI) Order 2006 http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/the-disability-discrimination-act-dda last assessed 2 November 2014〕 and Scotland 〔Under the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/People/Equality/disability/publicsectorduty last assessed 2 November 2014〕 still operate under The Disability Discrimination Act 1995. While the statistics above show that there was an increase of employment of disabled people within certain companies, this Act has not been as effective as was hoped, as employers were allowed to discriminate against disabled employees, as long as it was justified within the Act.〔A. McColgan Discrimination Law: Texts, Cases and Materials (2nd edn, Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon, 2005) p 132 and pp 583-584.〕 For more consistency and in an effort to promote businesses employing more disabled people Lord Freud claimed that businesses should be able to employ disabled people for below the minimum wage. Freud claims that businesses would be more willing to employ disabled people as they will not be at a loss if disabled people do not perform at the same level as non-disabled people.〔Sam Bowman 'Lord Freud was right and Miliband Shameful' The Spectator 15 October 2014 last assessed 2 November 2014〕 Freud claims that other countries have similar approaches in place and it is worth looking at the approach different countries have adapted. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Disability and employment in the United Kingdom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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